Notes The brigantine "James" left London, England on November 21, 1849 with 5 inmates (4 of whom were children) of St Pancras Parish workhouse, emigrating to Bermuda as indentured servants. On this voyage, Stowe was captain. The ship called on Medeira en route, arriving at Bermuda 2 January 1850.
Passengers:
James George 13 Orphan
John Howlett 14 -Father's consent given; he in the workhouse.
George Channon14 -Orphan, grandmother's consent given; she in the workhouse
James Hart 15 -Family in Boston, United States; sister, aged 22, consented.
Percival Mann - -Aged 39, went by his own desire with the four boys
(reference: Saturday's Children: A journey from darkness into light: Bermuda 1850. by Jocelyn Motyer Raymon, 1994)
It was agreed by the Board of Guardians for Marylebone in 1849 that three groups of children would be emigrated, marking a new phase of the Poor Law parish provision for orphan children of the poor in a concerted effort to ensure the familial nature of emptire by settling the colonies with British children. Furthermore, the Board felt that they were providing the children with a tangible opportunity not available in Great Britain.
Being brought up as a Poor Law child often stigmatized the children. "Only the other day the public read of a woman who was driven from house to house by her neighbours discovering that she was once a 'workhouse girl'." It was also common for a child, once completing their apprenticeship to be returned to the workhouse having found no employment.
The first group of children was sent in February 1850. The group comprised of four boys between thirteen and sixteen years, two of whom were orphans and the other two were living in the workhouse separated from their family. The children went on a voluntary basis and were deemed to be in robust health, having, if appropriate, the permission of their relatives or friends. For the journey the children were provided with an outfit of clothes, a Bible and prayer book, a brush, a comb and 2s 6d. The master and schoolmaster accompanied the boys and verified that the accommodation was very good.
Captain Burrow of the ship "James" agreed in taking on the responsibility of the children, that they would be between 12 and 14 years of age (though James Hart was 15); that for the hefty sum of 6 pounds for each child, he would provide bed, bedding and board for the journey; that the children would be conveyed as cabin passengers; that the girls and boys would have separate accommodations; that the children would be apprenticed as domestic servants until they were 18 years of age; and that Captain Burrow was required to demonstrate he had places for each of them before they embarked, providing records of where they were apprenticed. (British Parliamentary Papers.)
James George was placed in the care of of Thomas J. Gilbert, Esq., Springfield, Somerset, Bermuda.
James George wrote to the Master of the Pancras Workhouse from his placement:
"Copies of LETTERS received from Children at Bermuda, and referred to in the Report of R. Hall, Esq., Poor-Law Inspector.
Dear Sir, Bermuda, 6 March 1850.
As I have arrived safe at the Bermudas, I have written to you this day; if I had been able to write to you before, I should. Dear sir, I hope you are quite well, you, Mr. Elliott, Billy Panton, Mrs. Hammond, and Frank. Dear sir, I send you my kind love to you, and all the boys, Half-a-loaf Dabtoe, and all the rest. I often think of you all, though you are far from me. Dear sir, will you be so kind as to send me Mr. Cornwell's geography, for I think I ought to know a little more about ciphering than I do. Dear sir, will you be so good as to write to my aunt, and tell her that I should be very happy to receive a letter from her. Dear sir, when you write to me send to this direction, James George, to the care of Thomas J. Gilbert, Esq., Springfield, Somerset, Bermuda. Dear sir, please to ask Mr. Eaton to try and send my aunt to the Bermudas. Dear sir, when you send me Mr. Cornwell's geography, send it to Messrs. Gray & Sons, St. Helens, and tell him it is for the said James George whom he sent to Mr. Gilbert's. Dear sir, and send me word how my brother Charles George is; so here I remain
" Your affectionate scholar,
" James George" P.S.?Sir, my aunt's direction is, Mrs. Grus, &c.
P.S.?Please to answer my letter as soon as possible, for I am waiting for an answer.
P.S.?Dear Sir, at the end of my first year I will send you the money for the geography."